Posted by: Christian Beyer | August 15, 2008

Should Christians Work for Caesar?

Christians and politics; what is the Church’s stance here? Like on so many other issues, the Church doesn’t seem to have one. There are more like 10 of them.

We have the Religious Right, led by people like Jerry Falwell, Pat Robertson and the American Family Association who “successfully”embraced the political process some time ago. In response to the their agenda we’ve seen the emergence of the evangelical left, spearheaded by folks like Barry Lynn’s Americans United and Jim Wallis and his Call for Renewal. As expected, James Dobson (reluctantly) endorses John McCain while Brian McLaren raises a stink by actively supporting Barak Obama. Shane Claiborn has a bestseller called, “Who Would Jesus Vote For” and Roman Catholics are guided by bishops on where to cast their collective votes.

Some church leaders strongly urge Christians to hit the polls while others encourage us to stay home and not participate in such a ‘worldly’ system. We are coached to vote for politicians who wear their faith on their sleeves while others make reasonable arguments for Christians having no place in government at all, especially in the military.

I have recently discovered something called Christian Anarchy, which appears to be an umbrella term for various fairly liberal and unorthodox ideas about church and state. Originally, it seems to have been a response to the growing legalistic authority that church leaders began to wield, particularly once Rome co-opted a large part of the Church. In this regard, Christian Anarchism espouses a direct communication between God and the individual, devoid of the need for clergy, doctrine and dogma. (I’m sure regular visitors will not be surprised that I can see a lot of value to this way of thinking.)

But then there are other Christian anarchists who are primarily pacifists and oppose violence, particularly institutionalized violence. Why a pacifist would gravitate towards anarchism is beyond my immediate understanding (perhaps because when I think of anarchists the first thing that comes to mind are black berets, striped shirts and black bowling balls with lit fuses trailing). Anyway, I tend to think that pacifiism, like anarchy itself, is a great concept with little practical value. C.S. Lewis once suggested that the only societies that will permit pacifists are free societies that will forcibly protect, if necessary, the right of the pacifist to express themselves. I think the same could be said for those societies who tolerate anarchists.

Scriptures are often used to support ideas of when, where and how we should engage government. But, as so often seems to be the case, the situations the scriptural authors are responding to are quite different than today’s. The anarchistic, open commune type of ecclesia that the New Testament describes existed and benefited from the infrastructure produced by Caesar’s Pax Romana (in spite of the fact that Caesar and company were out to get them).

So, can a Christian, in good conscience, be a politician? A civil servant? A soldier? Perhaps more Christians should be politicians, civil servants and soldiers. Is it right for people of faith to see themselves as being in some way elected not to involve themselves in the systems that they benefit from?

What do you think?

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Responses

  1. I am happy to be working in Caesar’s schools.

  2. And of course, I do as well (although indirectly).

  3. I somehow got the wrong idea that employment by a church or similar organization is the only kind of work that is “sacred.” I thought for years I was called to be a pastor, but now I think I was mistaken. I thought pastors (and professors at a Christian college I went to) had the greatest jobs in the world, etc.

    The Baptist chuch I attended 29 years ago would give calls for “Full-Time Christian Service.” Although I am not sure what they meant by that.

    Anyway, I now agree much more with Luther. Any job you do is in many senses a sacred calling. The committment and effort we put into a job, as well as other factors determine the level of “serving the Lord” (whatever that means).

    I don’t think Jesus was dividing things to be bipolar when he said to “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s and to God the things of God.” I mean, it is obvious that being a member of the Gambotti Crime family ain’t a place where a Christian can thrive, so to speak, but every job is rife with moral ambiguities.

    I have had several jobs when I worked not exactly in the most honest manner–especially in sales. However, how can I, in any job, necessarily know what belongs to Caesar, and what belongs to God.

    One time, in a Sunday school class at the aforementioned Baptist church, we decided that certain jobs are acceptable for Christians, and certain jobs are not. Here are two interesting examples:

    *Working for General Dynamics, making warplanes and robbing the taxpayer on cost overruns, is okay because it is for National Defense.

    *Making wine, like the Christian Brothers, is wrong because it is making alcoholic beverages.

    Which is working for Caesar, Bombs or Brandy?

    I can’t recall exactly, but I believe the teacher got a little offended because the Monks at Christian Brothers were making brandy,and considered this a bad witness. But Mr. Jones was okay at General Dynamics, another student reasoned, because it was for National Defense.

    logowhat’s his name

  4. Of course, aren’t Christian Brothers products are of poor quality?

    Maybe making cheap brandy is a sin.

  5. For me it is not a matter of working for Caesar it is a matter of whether or not you use power over other people to accomplish your goals. That is where the problem comes in as far as I am concerned. Although I am wary of the fact that Satan seems to have some kind of authority of the powers and principalities, governments etc of the world.

    I dont think that only clergy work is sacred work, in fact I would say that is heresy. We need servants in many different fields who are living out the Gospel with their lives.

    Finally, I hope no one thinks I am being dogmatic or legalistic about this. I dont and wont vote or serve in a governmental office and it is my understanding that Christians should not do so, but I am well aware that I could be wrong.

    By the way I just tried some beer made by monks, I gotta be honest I didnt like it that much. I much prefer some other kinds.

  6. Rogue Wrote: “For me it is not a matter of working for Caesar it is a matter of whether or not you use power over other people to accomplish your goals.”

    This happens in the church as well as in “secular” work.

  7. You know…I wanted to be a politician for a long time and it was a huge factor in my majoring in Africana Studies. I definitely wanted to be the next Elijah Cummings, turning Baltimore on its head like nobody has before. I lived and breathed politics, mainly because I wholeheartedly believed that being a “powerful” politician would enable me to make the most impact on Baltimore.

    Now I really have become disillusioned with the entire process. Sure, I’m absolutely pulling for Obama and I was devastated when Doug Duncan pulled out of the Maryland race for governor, but I just feel like my true heroes have always acted “outside” of the political system. Oprah, Claibourne, Bea Gaddy…they all just took matters into their own hands and the rest is history.

    I think each individual person is responsible for their own dreams and if they feel that their path involves the government or the military, then it is their choice. I don’t feel that my path involves the government right now, but that is just me!

  8. Too bad, Tara. We could use more people like you in public service. But you’re young enough so that opportunities will be presenting themselves for some time.

  9. Tara:
    Thanks for mentioning Elijah Cummings name. I am his opponent in the upcoming Congressional race and his name popped up on my Google alert.
    This blog question relates to the struggle I encountered. I happen to be a Catholic Christian. The former Pope challenged the lay Christians to BE POLITICAL.
    Realizing the extent our country has drifted, or is being pulled, away from several of our Bill of Rights (1,2,4,10), I became interested in the Constitution Party. They were onto the Constitution, but expected a fundamentalist perspective to Christianity as part of ones ability to understand the Constitution. I was on their executive Committee before I realized they were too narrow to be an effective Party.
    During the past Governor’s race I and a friend officially registered as “Write-In Candidates”. My reflections on the why I bothered, are based in Chrisian faith, “A Time To Flock”, and may be found at http://defendlife.blogspot.com/2007/02/standing-up-for-life-and-not-counting.html
    My current effort is all about change, and if you are a liberty minded person who recognizes the basic principle that government is to serve its people, may I encourage you to stay involved, and look at my web site, http://www.HargadonForUSCongress.com
    Great question! Thank you.
    Mike Hargadon

  10. It is virtually impossible to not work for Caesar. The Amish attempt it but they still pay some tax. So unless we are ready to move to the mountains and eat berries…

  11. Keep in mind that Elijah Cummings is the King of Photo Ops, not the King of Progress.

  12. Tara:
    Just as we believers are the “Church”, we the people are the “nation”. We are called to step up and speak. Your respect for Congressman Cummings is noted, and Thomas’s observation of my opponent’s affinity for media attention is also appreciated. We, especially in the U.S., need to remind our Ceasar’s that they work for us.
    In the last Governor’s race, I and a friend ran as “official write-in candidates”.
    After it was all done and said, I wrote a piece entitled, A Time To Flock”. http://defendlife.blogspot.com/2007/02/standing-up-for-life-and-not-counting.html
    Dr. Mike

  13. Rick–Paying taxes is no problem for the Amish.Amish pay all of their taxes–I have read that many Amish are $$$ loaded, as they say. What they reject is “attachment to the world” (I would use italics or boldfaced type, but not available).

    Where the Amish have had trouble with Caesar was when their pacifism has clashed with the draft, or when the local governments try and close Amish schools.

  14. Zoolio – bracket your word or phrase with “less than sign” plus “i” plus “greater than sign” on the left and “less than sign” plus “backslash” plus “i” plus “greater than sign” on the right and PRESTO! – italics.

    Lay off the Amish, will you?

  15. Thanx for the tip. Reminds me of Volkswriter, and ancient word processor my dad had on his first computer, in MSDOS. I wrote a lot of assignments with that (sniff) program (sniff) in my student teaching day.

    I’m not picking on the Amish. I am just saying what they do. Besides, Dr. Mike brought it up, not me .

  16. Woo Hoo! Now who do I get bold faced?

  17. instead of the “i” insert “b”.

  18. Wow. That’s amazing. How do you spell relief?

  19. Actually, when we consider Caesar was a god himself at the time of Christ, and to compare the Roman government with our democratic government and applying Christ’s directives to the US, is a bit ambiguous. Today working for the government is not really working for Caesar. No one truly works for the government… the government works for us and those in public service are just that… working for the people. This implication, although not a true reality in many cases, offers Christians the opportunity to serve God by serving society in possibly a more constructive and positive way, than if we simply sit in our pews praying that our leaders will do the right thing.

  20. No one works for the government? You’re right. The government works for special interests.

  21. I think we put too much faith in our “democratic” government. No matter how good it is, it is not God! It is at best an oligarchy.

    If one thinks that we just sit and pews and pray because we dont want to take part on the corrupt system that is worldly government then one is sorely mistaken. It is my experience that folks who take this position are usually way more active in distinctively Kingdom activities like feeding the hungry and loving the unloved, and they do it at great personal sacrifice.

  22. We have an oligarchy in this nation, and I believe this was the intention of the founders. They were patricians and aristocrats; well schooled in Hobbes’s preference of authoritarian rule over democracy, Plato’s warnings towards dictators, and Machiavelli’s assertions that rulers are above the law. They made a republic so each of them (and their sons) could rule over the plebians, slaves, and subjugated natives.

  23. But, Bruce, these patricians and aristocrats could never have accomplished these goals if the common people were not in support. My understanding is that a lot of that support was a result of the ‘common’ Christian participation in the Great Awakening. Christians and politics, again. Open for debate as to whether this was entirely desirable.

  24. I am not completely cynical, and really do not see the US as an oligarchy. But f it is it is only because we allow it.

    Even so, there are plenty of instances of the ‘common’ man or woman working their way into important decision making positions where they have also listened to their constituents.

    Are Christians doing anything to address this sense of oligarchy? Or are so focused on special interests, in essence becoming just another lobbying group, that we help to perpetuate it?

  25. Oligarchy? I think they are in all governments to one extent or another, however they are just pawns of a larger group called an Illuminati which controls the overall societal structure of the long planned “One World Order”. In reality, any important decision making positions are extremely limited by these puppet masters. We are dreaming if we think we can change or influence this ideology to any large degree. We must realize any attempt to do so will be challenging the very destiny of Satan’s ultimate plan, and I for one don’t believe the Body of Christ is united enough to pull it off. Fortunately this whole Satan directed plan fits right into God’s final solution.

    This doesn’t mean that we should not attempt to do all we can to bring better conditions about our country and the World, but like I said, don’t be too surprised when you find your efforts limited and somewhat fruitless. Like Bob D. says, “The times they are a changing”, for mankind, but For God they are merely coming to fruition.
    This is just a thought from one who is a bit cynical.

  26. Ah….Net? I didn’t see any emoticons, any smiley faces.

  27. As I understand it, 30% did not care, 30% were Tories, and 30% supported the revolution.

    The Tories who went north did fine, did they not? If the colonists had not rebelled, we would all be one happy nation with Canada. And that wouldn’t be so bad, eh?

    The Patricians applied the political ideas they learned in their boarding schools and exclusive colleges (many of which were in England, BTW).
    The people were stirred by the rhetoric, but not all followed.

    The Great Awakening? Led by English preachers, pal.

  28. Whitfield, yes. Edwards and and the rest of the New England company, no.

    Part of the religious support for the revolution was driven by the resentment the puritans (and Baptists) held towards the oppressive Church of England. In most colonies one could not hold office unless they were Anglican (including the Catholic Sanctuary of Maryland). This was not the case in Pennsylvania or Rhode Island.

    The 30/30/30 split is questionable. It is true, that once war was at hand more and more people claimed to be ‘indifferent’ to the cause (weak stomachs). But, nevertheless, the representatives of the Revolutionary Congress and the congresses that followed were elected. The electorate must have seen some value in the ‘patrician’ ideals that they picked up (but I do think that you are generalizing here as it is.)

    Have you taken a look at Canada lately? Yeah, that would be pretty bad.

  29. No, eh. If we were all Canadians, we would control like half of all three-quarters of the oy-yul in the whole dnam world, eh?

  30. Where in the name of Pierre Elliot Trudeau and Brian Mulroney do you get The Illuminati? I don’t get it, eh.

  31. I’m still back on the Question “Should Christians work for Caesar?”
    ;-)

  32. sure, but the Illuminati?

  33. The Illuminati? We already work for the Illuminati!

  34. Ambrosia! Welcome back. W?here are you hiding Zoolander, Logio, Bruce and your other friends? Have you seen Sybil lately?

  35. Ha-Ha. Why in the YIT does this thing keep switching me from Logiopath to Ambrosia? Who am I, where am I, what am I?

    If a tree falls in the forest, and no one is there to hear, why did Jews like Oscar Mayer find their fortune in the pork processing business?

  36. Im revisiting your post here and just wanted to say that I think your characterization of Christian anarchy being liberal and unorthodox arent completely accurate. The early church universally required people to leave government and military posts when they were baptized. I think the early church is a good place to look if we want to find orthodoxy. On other topics they had a variety of ideas, some even heretical, but on these two the verdict seems to be unanimous.

    I know your an avid reader, so I recommend picking up John Howard Yoder’s book, “The Politics of Jesus” and Vernard Eller’s, “Christian Anarchy.” Both of these books give a good scholarly account of Christian Anarchy and pacifism and a great theological and historical background of each.

    Finally, I think pacisfism is extremely valuable as demonstrated in the life of Jesus and countless Christian martyrs. There are two excellent books that show the history of pacifism. They are Mark Kurlansky’s “Nonviolence the History of a Dangerous Idea,” and Robert W. Brimlow’s “What About Hitler?: Wrestling with Jesus’ Call to Nonviolence in an Evil world.”

    Brother, even though it seems we totally disagree on this one, I truly appreciate your willingness to listen as well as share your honest critiques. I always enjoy reading your blog, even though I havent had much time to join in the conversation lately since seminary is taking up all my time.

  37. Thanks. You are the second person to recommend Kurlansky’s book so I’ll take that as a sign. :) Brimlow’s book sounds pretty interesting though, I may check that out first.

    It’s a tough situation. I’m reminded of Joker in Full Metal Jacket ,, wearing a peace symbol on his vest and writing “Born to Kill” on his helmet.

    I do think that at times violent response is inevitable, especially when dealing with murderous sociopaths and their minions who wield power. But the shame of it is that too often we ignore those situations but then resort to violence for things such as ‘prosperity’ , ‘American interests’ or ’spreading’ democracy. We should not consider the teachings of Von Clausewitz on the same par as Christ’s.

    We need more seminary graduates like you.

  38. Aww Im blushing.

    You are absolutely right that it is a tough situation. That is why I am thankful for healthy dialogues like this because it forces me to think things through.

    I just posted this response on another blog but it seemed to fit perfectly here so here it is….

    To use Bonhoeffer, when he attempted to kill Hitler, he said it wasnt right or justified and asked God’s forgiveness for his lack of creativity. That to say that I do not believe there is ever a point when violence is justified for Christians, but at the same time I understand how people act in desperation sometimes. That doesnt mean their actions are right or justified but I am just saying I can sympathize. So to be very clear I do not believe there is ever a time when violence is justified or acceptable.

    The problem we face is in our understanding of necessary/inevitable. Sometimes people feel like something is necessary when it really is not. I believe violence is wrong and it is my hope and prayer that the Spirit will always open my eyes to the creative non-violent alternatives and the courage to be willing face the consequences of my actions and deal with whatever suffering may come. That is what I strive for even though it seems almost impossible even in my mind, but I trust that this is what Jesus has called us to.

  39. Man, I hate to use extreme hypothetical situations but they do happen.

    What if there is a deranged man demonstrating every intent to use an automatic weapon on a group of innocent people -wives, mothers, husbands, children- and you are the man with the training and the weapon that allows you to take him out?

    If I have any loved ones in that group of hostages I certainly hope you can find it within you to do just that. Even if I don’t know a soul in the group, I hope that would be the case.

    Now neither you nor I have chosen to be a soldier or a policeman. Nor do we have a citizen’s militia such as they have in Switzerland (which I have heard is a viable form of pacifism). But thank God that we do have men and women who will do these things.

    Discipline and loyalty are essential elements in the lives of those who choose such careers. Unfortunately unscrupulous men and women have taken advantage of these qualities in order to wreak havoc throughout the world.

    That, I think, is another good reason to have more and not less authentic Christians in government as well as military and martial service.

  40. I believe that Christians shouldnt use violence. I cant speak for people who are not followers of Christ.

    Honestly, in a situation like that I dont know what I would do, but I also dont know how fix a crumbling marriage or solve global poverty. That doesnt mean divorce is any less bad, or that I shouldnt seek out some ways to feed the people that I can. In scripture the apostles are told not worrry about what to say when they stand in front of the judges etc. but to trust in the Holy Spirit to speak for them. This may seem like a cop-out, but this is the answer that I have, is that I too trust that God will lead in those difficult situations.


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